gulu la silicon zitsulo

Gulu la chitsulo cha silicon nthawi zambiri limagawidwa ndi zomwe zili muzinthu zitatu zazikulu zachitsulo, aluminiyamu ndi kashiamu zomwe zili muzitsulo za silicon. Malinga ndi zomwe zili chitsulo, zotayidwa ndi kashiamu mu zitsulo pakachitsulo, pakachitsulo zitsulo akhoza kugawidwa mu 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 ndi sukulu zina zosiyanasiyana.

M'makampani, zitsulo zachitsulo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wa silicon dioxide m'ng'anjo zamagetsi. Chemical reaction equation: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO Chiyero cha silicon chopangidwa motere ndi 97 ~ 98%, chomwe chimatchedwa zitsulo zachitsulo. Kenaka amasungunuka ndi kukonzanso, ndipo zonyansa zimachotsedwa ndi asidi kuti zipeze zitsulo zachitsulo ndi chiyero cha 99.7 ~ 99.8%.

Chitsulo cha silicon chimapangidwa makamaka ndi silicon, choncho chimakhala ndi zinthu zofanana ndi silicon. Silicon ili ndi ma allotropes awiri: silicon amorphous ndi crystalline silicon. Silicon ya amorphous ndi ufa wotuwa-wakuda ndipo kwenikweni ndi microcrystal. Silicon ya crystalline ili ndi mawonekedwe a crystal ndi semiconductor ya diamondi, malo osungunuka 1410 ℃, mfundo yowira 2355 ℃, Mohs kuuma 7, brittle. Amorphous sililicification imagwira ntchito ndipo imatha kutentha kwambiri mu oxygen. Imakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo monga ma halogens, nayitrogeni ndi carbon pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo imathanso kuyanjana ndi zitsulo monga magnesium, calcium ndi iron kuti apange masilidi. Amorphous silicon pafupifupi insoluble mu zonse inorganic ndi organic zidulo, kuphatikizapo asidi hydrofluoric, koma sungunuka zidulo osakaniza wa nitric acid ndi hydrofluoric acid. Njira yothetsera sodium hydroxide imatha kusungunula silicon ya amorphous ndikutulutsa haidrojeni. Crystalline pakachitsulo ndi wosagwira ntchito, ngakhale pa kutentha musati kuphatikiza ndi mpweya, si sungunuka iliyonse inorganic ndi organic zidulo, koma sungunuka asidi nitric ndi hydrofluoric asidi osakaniza asidi ndi anaikira sodium hydroxide njira.