Silicon metal, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti silikoni yamafakitale kapena crystalline silicon, nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wa silicon dioxide m'ng'anjo zamagetsi. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu ndi monga chowonjezera chazitsulo zopanda chitsulo komanso monga poyambira kupanga semiconductor silicon ndi organosilicon.
Ku China, chitsulo cha silicon nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa molingana ndi zomwe zili muzinthu zitatu zazikulu zomwe zili nazo: chitsulo, aluminium ndi calcium. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsulo, zotayidwa ndi kashiamu mu zitsulo pakachitsulo, pakachitsulo zitsulo akhoza kugawidwa mu 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 ndi sukulu zina zosiyanasiyana. Nambala yoyamba ndi yachiwiri imayikidwa pa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, ndipo nambala yachitatu ndi yachinayi imayimira zomwe zili mu calcium. Mwachitsanzo, 553 zikutanthauza kuti zili chitsulo, zotayidwa ndi kashiamu ndi 5%, 5%, 3%; 3303 amatanthauza kuti zomwe zili mu chitsulo, aluminiyamu ndi calcium ndi 3%, 3%, 0.3%).
Kupanga chitsulo cha silicon kumapangidwa ndi njira ya carbothermal, kutanthauza kuti silika ndi carbonaceous reduction agent amasungunuka mu ng'anjo ya ore. Chiyero cha silicon chopangidwa motere ndi 97% mpaka 98%, ndipo silicon yotere imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zazitsulo. Ngati mukufuna kupeza kalasi yapamwamba ya silicon, muyenera kuiyeretsa kuti muchotse zonyansa, ndikupeza chiyero cha 99,7% mpaka 99,8% cha silicon yachitsulo.
Kusungunula chitsulo cha silicon chokhala ndi mchenga wa quartz ngati zopangira kumaphatikizapo masitepe angapo opangira mchenga wa quartz, kukonzekera ndalama ndi kusungunula ng'anjo ya ore.
Nthawi zambiri, mchenga wapamwamba kwambiri wa quartz udzagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji popanga zinthu zamagalasi apamwamba kwambiri a quartz, komanso kusinthidwa kukhala giredi yamtengo wapatali monga crystal, tourmaline ndi zinthu zina. Gululo ndi loipa pang'ono, koma zosungirako ndizokulirapo, mikhalidwe yamigodi ndi yabwinoko pang'ono, ndipo magetsi ozungulira ndi otsika mtengo, omwe ndi oyenera kupanga zitsulo za silicon.
Pakali pano, China kupanga pakachitsulo zitsulo mpweya matenthedwe ndondomeko kupanga: ambiri ntchito silika monga zopangira, mafuta coke, makala, tchipisi nkhuni, otsika malasha malasha ndi zina zochepetsera, mu ore matenthedwe ng'anjo kutentha smelting, kuchepetsa pakachitsulo zitsulo. kuchokera ku silika, yomwe ndi njira yosungunula yosungunuka m'madzi yopanda madzi.
Choncho, ngakhale zitsulo za silicon zimachokera ku silika, si silika zonse zomwe zili zoyenera kupanga zitsulo za silicon. Mchenga wamba womwe timawuwona tsiku ndi tsiku sizinthu zenizeni zachitsulo cha silicon, koma mchenga wa quartz womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale omwe tatchulawa, ndipo wachitapo kanthu kuti amalize kupasuka kuchokera ku mchenga kupita ku chitsulo cha silicon.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-04-2024
